NWT RESEARCH DATABASE

Regions: Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich'in Settlement Area

Tags: Big Lake, lake disappearance, loss of lake–channel connections, sediment transport and deposition

Objective(s): This project aims to map channel-lake hydrological connectivity within the delta plain and evaluate the efficiency of fine-grained sediment trapping dynamics by the channel-lake network, using the Big Lake complex in Inuvik as a case study.

Project Description: This licence has been issued for the scientific research application No. 6131. This project aims to map channel-lake hydrological connectivity within the delta plain and evaluate the efficiency of fine-grained sediment trapping dynamics by the channel-lake network, using the Big Lake complex in Inuvik as a case study. We aim to simulate current and potential scenarios of fine-grained sediment transport using 2D and 3D hydraulic models in the central part of the delta, where sediment transport is not constantly monitored. Our objective is to provide a reliable description of how climate change influences the evolution of lakes and water-distributing channels. Furthermore, we plan to disseminate the findings to audiences with both scientific and applied interest in the subject. Achieving the project's goals will specifically allow for identifying areas at risk of communication isolation by developing scenarios of changes in the channel–lake network and sediment deposition (e.g., lake disappearance, loss of lake–channel connections, and siltation of main water-distributing channels) that may affect the accessibility of traditional waterways. The project’s success will be ensured by the participation of experienced researchers with expertise in: i. Conducting fieldwork from the water, including water sampling, depth measurements using sonar, and measuring flow velocities in channel systems. ii. Implementing Wetland InSAR technology to generate high-resolution images of hydrological connectivity in Arctic delta ecosystems. iii. Developing 3D numerical sediment transport models for a channel-lake network, based on hydrodynamic modelling and particle tracking using a Lagrangian approach. iv. Investigating the impact of fine sediment transport on the stability of distributary channels, including erosion processes (e.g., the development of deep scour holes) and the siltation of navigational routes. All tasks outlined in the project align with three key goals relevant to the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR): i. Preservation of Inuvialuit cultural identity. ii. Ensuring economic benefits for the Inuvialuit community. iii. Protection of the region’s environment and wildlife. The project involves a comprehensive research approach encompassing fieldwork, laboratory analyses, and computer-based analyses. All methods have been designed to minimize environmental impact and respect the cultural heritage of the study area. Fieldwork will be conducted exclusively on water, with no disturbance to terrestrial areas. Research Plan: 1. Preparatory Work (2025) In May 2025, we will conduct a multi-day visit to Inuvik to consult with the local community and stakeholders to refine the scope of detailed studies influenced by our project. We will also begin collecting satellite data for the study area and engage with local logistical service providers to initiate water monitoring activities. 2. Fieldwork Fieldwork will be conducted during the open-water seasons in 2025 and 2026: September 2025 and May–September 2026. The activities will include: Sample Collection. Collection of water and sediment samples from various depths in channels and lakes. Water samples (20–100 ml) will be stored in vials, and sediment samples will be collected in plastic bags. The maximum amount of water collected for analysis per field trip will be 50 litres. On-Water Measurements. Suspended fine sediment concentration using a laser sensor (measured from a boat). Acoustic scanning of channel and lake beds using an echo sounder (measured from a boat). Water flow velocity measured with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) (measured from a boat). Geodetic water surface elevation measurements using GNSS equipment (measured from a boat). Drone imagery captured by a licensed local service provider authorized by the Government of the Northwest Territories (NWT). Study Area. Water bodies within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) and Public Lands, including: i. Connected lakes west of Inuvik, including Big Lake (see in attached map). ii. Distributary channels: Kalinek Channel, Middle Channel, and East Channel. Logistics. Fieldwork will consist of several hours of motorboat trips rented from local providers in Inuvik, with no land-based activities. 3. Laboratory Analyses Laboratory analyses will be conducted in two phases: in a rented facility in Inuvik and in a European laboratory following sample transport. Methods will include: i. Sediment settling velocity tests in water columns. ii. Laser-diffraction-based particle-size analysis of fine-grained sediments suspended in the water. iii. Gravimetric analysis of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in water samples. iv. Analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in water samples. These analyses will provide detailed data on the physical properties of sediments transported in the waters of the Mackenzie Delta. 4. Computer-Based Analyses Computational analyses will leverage field data, laboratory results, and satellite imagery. Key activities will include: i. Remote Sensing. Utilizing Wetland Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology and remote-sensing indices to analyse major sediment transport pathways in lake-rich deltas, based on collected satellite imagery and purchased drone images. GIS analysis of spatial sediment transport and deposition patterns in channels and lakes using remote sensing indices. ii. Hydraulic Modelling: Simulations of water and sediment flow in channels and lakes using 2D models (MIKE 21 by DHI, SMS by US Army Corps of Engineers). Particle tracking of sediment transport paths using the Lagrangian approach, with 3D modelling in SMS. Statistical calculations of sediment load and net deposition in individual channels. 5. Summary and Conclusions The conclusions will be based on: i. Results from remote-sensing analyses and 2D and 3D hydrodynamic and sediment transport simulations. ii. Sediment trapping efficiency calculations using mathematical models and assessments of channel morphological stability. iii. Risk analyses for water infrastructure and access limitations to communication routes using probabilistic models of navigational channel siltation. 6. Research Priorities The methods employed in this project are designed to minimize the impact on natural ecosystems and cultural heritage. The research will be conducted responsibly, leveraging advanced remote-sensing technologies and collaborating with local stakeholders to produce reliable outcomes that support local communities in adapting to environmental changes. To achieve the three aforementioned goals important to the ISR community, our research project’s communication plan is structured around the following stages: 1. Identification of Stakeholders and Beneficiaries At the current stage, we have identified key stakeholders and organizations representing the interests of local communities, including: - Inuvik and Inuvialuit Hunters and Trappers Committee - Inuvialuit Regional Corporation - Department of Infrastructure, Government of Northwest Territories (NWT) - Aurora College and Aurora Research Institute (ARI) - Coast Guard Auxiliary's Marine Rescue Unit in Inuvik - Marine Transportation Services (MTS) (transport services) - Cooper Barging Services (transport services) This list will be continuously updated as more entities and individuals interested in the project are identified. 2. Engaging Stakeholders and Presenting the Project a. Project Presentation. The project will be presented as a draft, clearly outlining its goals, anticipated benefits, and the impact of the results on the local community. During meetings, we will showcase the research plan, its scope, applied methodology, and expected outcomes. b. Communication Methods. Online - Through electronic platforms, including email, websites, and dedicated communication channels. In-Person - Meetings organized in Inuvik, with venue rentals through the Town of Inuvik. The project will be presented in an accessible format, using simple language and visual materials tailored to non-scientific audiences. c. Inuvialuit Community Participation. Inuvialuit representatives will be involved in all phases of the research, particularly in activities requiring support for fieldwork on water bodies. 3. Regular Communication and Engagement with the Inuvialuit Community a. Sharing Project Results. Research findings will be shared with the local community and organizations like Aurora Research Institute through online platforms and direct presentations. Scientific publications will be made openly accessible, and their content will be communicated in a manner understandable to the community. The main information is presented on the project website: https://www.ukw.edu.pl/jednostka/arctic-deltas-as-sponges or https://www.arctic_delta.ukw.edu.pl b. Educational and Training Initiatives. Training sessions will be provided to members of the Inuvialuit community on interpreting satellite data, both publicly available data and those collected during the project. These data will be made available on a dedicated website to ensure easy access to the collected information. c. Organization of Meetings and Presentations. Three presentations will be held in Inuvik to maintain community engagement and enable ongoing dialogue with stakeholders. During these meetings, the community will have opportunities to provide feedback, make suggestions, and raise potential concerns. 4. Consultations and Community Feedback a. Consultation Process. Before and during project implementation, we will actively gather suggestions and concerns from the Inuvialuit community. These inputs will be documented, and adequate time will be provided for the community to consider the information presented. b. Ensuring Transparency. At every project stage, clear information about activities and next steps will be shared. Particular emphasis will be placed on explaining how project outcomes can support local communities, such as by providing insights into potential risks related to communication isolation or hydrological changes. 5. Benefits for Local Communities Our activities aim not only to conduct research but also to raise awareness within the Inuvialuit community about hydrological risks that may restrict access to waterways and lakes in the Mackenzie Delta. Maintaining open communication and delivering practical research results will provide benefits in the form of better preparedness for potential environmental changes. The communication plan has been designed to promote transparency, engagement, and collaboration with stakeholders and local communities. This approach will ensure support for the project and its outcomes, serving both scientific and practical purposes. The appointment of a dedicated communication coordinator will further enhance the flow of information between the research team and the community. The fieldwork for this study will be conducted from: May 25 - September 30, 2025